history of the call membrane
Category: Other
Updated: 6 Oct 2018
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Created bygavin wiebe
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Events
1774
Benjamin Franklin discovered that oil
spread out on water into a think film1890
Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) was able
to carefully measure the area that a known
volume of oil would expand and could also
calculated the thickness of the oil film1891
Agnes Pockels developed a device that could
carefully measure the exact area of an oil film1864
Moritz Traube created an artificial cell, to study
the processes of living cells, such as osmosis1890s - early 1900s
Quincke found that a think layer of oil acted as
a semipermeable membrane, and determined
that the cell membrane was comprised of a
fluid layer of fat less than 100 nm thickEarly 1910s
Ruhland added on to the mosaic theory,
adding that there are pores which allow
the passage of small molecules1935
Lohmann discovered ATP, and it's role in cells as
a source of energy. This lead to the proposal of
a metabolically-driven sodium pump1941
Boyle and Conway showed that the idea of
electrical charges in the pores was unnecessary,
because frog muscle cells to K+ and Cl-, but not Na+1895
Charles Ernest Overton published a hypothesis
stating that (1) that there are some similarities
between cell membranes and lipids such as
olive oil, and (2) that certain molecules (i.e.,
lipids) pass through the membrane by
"dissolving" in the lipid interior of the membrane1917
Irving Langmuir proposed that the fatty acid
molecules form a monolayer by orienting
themselves vertically with the hydrocarbon chains1944
Dmitri Nasonov said that proteins were the
central components responsible for many
properties of the cell, including electrical properties.1956
Troshin showed that the cell water decreased in
solutions of galactose and urea, although these
compounds slowly permeated cells1925
Ernest Gorter and F. Grendel found
that the cell membrane is a lipid bilayer1924
Fricke found that the cell
membrane was 3.3 nm thick1939
James Danielli, E. Newton-Harvey, and Hugh
Davson proposed a lipid bilayer membrane
that had a layer of protein on either side1957
J. David Robertson, using an electron microscope,
determined that the dark electron-dense bands
were the headgroups and associated proteins
of two apposed lipid monolayers1950s
George E. Palade provided the framework for
understanding virtually all aspects of membrane
traffickingEarly 1960s
Mueller and Rudin determined that the resulting
bilayer exhibited lateral fluidity, high electrical
resistance, and self-healing, in response to puncture1970
Frye and Edidin fused two cells labeled with
different membrane-bound fluorescent tags and
the two dyes mixed. The results of this
experiment were key in the development of the
"fluid mosaic" model of the cell membrane1972
Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicholson created
the fluid-mosaic model, showing that biological
membranes are composed mostly of a bare lipid
bilayer, with proteins penetrating either half way
or all the way through the membrane
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