HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING

In 1690 Leibnitz developed a machine that could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and calculate square roots. Programming was done by using gears. http://library.thinkquest.org/11309/data/history.htm

By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques were established and reliable. http://www.eingang.org/Lecture/hmark1.html

Howard Aiken, along with engineers at IBM, created an automatic digital computer based on IBM parts. The computer was called the Harvard Mark I. It was programmed by using pre-punched paper tape. http://www.eingang.org/Lecture/hmark1.html

John Backus and others developed the first FORTRAN compiler in April 1957. https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html

LISP, a List-Processing Language for Artificial Intelligence Programming, was invented by John McCarthy. https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html

New programming languages were invented, such as BASIC. BASIC was developed in 1964 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html

Brian Kernighan and Ritchie developed C, a powerful programming language. https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html

Other new programming languages, such as Pascal was invented by Niklaus Wirth. https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/Courses/134/history.html

Prolog, a general purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics was created. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolog

C++ is a programming language that is an improvement of the C Programming Language. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B

In the 1980’s one important trend in language design was an increased focus on programming for large-scale systems by using modules. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Perl was developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl

In the 1990's the Internet created an opportunity for new languages to be adopted. One being the Java programming language. It rose to popularity because of its early integration with the Netscape Navigator web browser. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_programming_languages

In 1991 Visual Basic was released. http://www.max-visual-basic.com/history-of-visual-basic.html

In 2001 C# and Visual Basic .NET were developed. http://www.max-visual-basic.com/history-of-visual-basic.html