Events
Houses of Refuge (1824-1898)
Children who were being disobedient were housed in institutions designed for reform.Illinois Juvenile Court Act (1938)
The juvenile court was established, separate in function and in form from the adult criminal courts. So that young convicted offenders would not endure the stigma of a label of criminal, the law just used the term delinquent. The act had also distinguished the best interests of the child to be the guiding principle for juvenile court judges.Juvenile Rights (1967-1975)
Multiple Court rulings established that the U.S. Supreme Court conceded these due process rights to juveniles in juvenile court.Juvenile Courts (1899-1966)
Created in Cook County, Illinois, and using parens patriae as a legal concept, formats this now-accepted orientation that acknowledged illegal behavior for all juveniles.Juvenile Court Act (1938)
This act followed many of the same features of the Illinois statute. This lead to every state enacting a special legislation focused on juveniles by 1945Patria Potestas (753 BCE)
Under the Roman constitution (approximately 753 BCE), children were part of their family unit, but the father had complete control of the children, and the children had complete responsibility to obey the father's wishes.New Understanding of juvenile Behavior Emerges (2010-present)
A growing understanding of the behavior of juveniles based on neurobiology and developmental psychology acknowledged differences in the mind between juveniles and adults.Delinquency and Growing Fear of Crime (1990-2010)
The "get tough" approach towards violent juveniles spurred numerous juvenile justice initiatives in the 1990s and extended into the twenty-first century.Social Control & Juvenile Crime (1980s)
The core objectives were to re-evaluate the soft-line approach to status and minor offenses and to "get tough" on serious and violent juvenile delinquency.Reform Agenda (late 1970s)
The primary objective of the agenda focused on diverting the handling of status offenses from a criminal to a noncriminal context.Chicago Reform School (1860’s)
The primary focus was on youth who were predelinquent, who were showing signs of more serious criminal involvement, to recreate good-enough family environments.Colonial Period (1636-1823)
The family was the main source of social control for children; children who misbehaved suffered public whipping, dunkings, and the trademark stocks
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