Onuku Timeline
Category: Altro
è stato aggiornato: 15 set 2020
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Created byMatthew Rout
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Onuku population: 40Onuku population: 50Onuku population: 6Onuku School opens34 pupils at Onuku SchoolRequest to make Taraouta/Barry's Bay a ReserveOpukutahi Reserve set asideTikao opposes Mantell's ReservesOnuke Reserve set asideTwo boats catch 350 barracouta in one dayKemp arrives in Akaroa500 Ngai Tahu in Akaroa with KempTikao critical of Kemp's offerLanglois attempts to buy Banks PeninsulaFirst deed with Nanto-Bordelaise Company signedFrench colonists arrive in AkaroaSealers and whalers begin arriving in AkaroaOnuku becomes main settlement in harbourOnuku population: 200Flax traders start visiting harbourFirst whaling station in harbourBritish flag raised in AkaroaAkaroa population: 60 French, 20 Germans, 40 British and 97 MaoriMill established in AkaroaFrench plant wheatFirst European farm established at TakapunekeFrench naval presence endsNanto-Bordelaise Company sells land to the New Zealand CompanyAkaroa and surrounds totally deforestedMill in OnukuDairy becomes increasingly dominant industry in harbourFirst court and jail in AkaroaAkaroa becomes a boroughFirst public jetty builtHilltop road opens, linking Akaroa with ChchChch to Little River railway opens1.5 and 2 million super feet timber shipped per annumGreat fire devastates forestsCocksford seed dominant industryAkaroa well known as a tourist destinationChinese market gardeners arriveOnuku population: 20Tourism declared the 'economic lifeblood' of Akaroa - though wider harbour still driven by primary productionCocksfoot industry in declineFirst crayfish canning factoryFirst cheese factory in harbourFirst butter factoryAkaroa Tweed Factory opensFirst motor service to AkaroaHoliday home permits outstrips permanent residencesRoad from Chch to Akaroa fully sealedFishing still a dominant industry, 40 boats operating from harbourSome commercial fishing remainsNo commercial fishing in harbourNo active industries remain in AkaroaCommercial fishing beginsFish canning factory built at OnukuWiremu Harihona Karewheko invites local Pakeha to celebrate birth of his son - becomes annual traditionLocal Maori have sizeable numbers of stockOnuku suffers potato crop failureOnuku population: 20Wiremu Harihona posts message in newspaper warning anyone hunting on reserve will be prosecutedMeeting regarding a new road through Onuku ReserveOnuku Kainga steam sawmill for leaseWairewa Bush burnsLocal Maori wins damages for loss of tree assetRobinson complains about living conditions at WairewaWilliam Nihil requests Onuku Road diverted along beach to the Red HouseAgreement between authorites and Onuku regarding Onuku Road placementOnuku complains new road too close to their orchardsAkaroa purchase completedNgai Tahu Settlement ActFinal French attempt to secure landNanto-Bordelaise rights conveyed to New Zealand CompanyShipley apologises at OnukuKaraweko Marae opensPohatu Marine Reserve createdOtago settlers increase trade opportunitiesGovernor Grey arrives in AkaroaFrench settlers in 'destitute state"Tuhawaiki receives cutter Mary Ann from HemplemanAkaroa becomes an official 'Port of Entry'Richmond departs for Akaroa - 3 Maori on boardTe Maiharanui sets up flax trading village at TakapunekeBritish sovereignty over the South Island proclaimed at Cloudy Bay.Rural Section 547 (which includes Takapūneke) is granted by the Crown to Joseph Palmer and Henry Le Cren sold to two Lyttelton businessmen‘Picnic’ at Ōnawe raises, for the first time publicly in Akaroa, issues of appropriate behaviour on Māori cultural sitesAkaroa sewage treatment works built on TakepunekeBPDC commissions archaeological reports of TakepunekeProtests over proposed dump at TakepunekeOnuku and Council sign agreement over TakepunekeCouncil apologises over use of TakepunekeCouncil approves the classification of Takapuneke Reserve as a local purpose (Historical) ReserveThe Christchurch City Council passes a resolution confirming the creation of a single large reserve at TakepunekeThe economy of Akaroa Māori based on fishing, catching of sea birds and shellfish gatheringFlax trade developsAriki heir Tūtehounuku leaves on whaling shipThiercelin describes Onuku as having 30 huts - 2 Englishmen living in kaingaThiercin returns 20 years later, describing Onuku as much smaller -Maori working for settlersNot all local Maori able to live at Onuku due to zoning regulationsTakepuneke tapu remains in place though not everyone knows whyBPDC plans subdivision on TakepunekeMeasles kill many local MaoriSmith Nairn Royal Commission finds Crown did not pay Ngai Tahu appropriatelyFive Australian whalers off AkaroaOtago taua arrives, local Maori seek protection amongst settlers (?)Ngai Tahu chiefs who fought with Moki claim lands across Banks PeninsulaKai Huanga feud beginsKai Huanga feud endsTe Rauparaha arrives on ElizabethTe Maiharanui travels to Kaikoura to get wakaFirst muskets used in Te Wai Pounamu30,000 acres of land supposedly sold to French demanded back by local MaoriLord Stanley accepts French claim of 30,000 acresWaitangi Tribunal finds that the 30,000 acres conferred by Lord Stanley was a confiscationSettlers in Akaroa complain local Maori are charging them high rentsTraditional industries in decline in Akaroa, tourism dominant - seen as economic saviour for region in declineAkaroa County Council discusses how to keep town's heritageAkaroa Civic Trust created to protect heritageMarketing plan for Akaroa releasedAkaroa County Council merges with Banks Peninsula District CouncilAkaroa District Promotions formedAkaroa National Treasure Network formedMinistry of Agriculture report highlights gorse in Onuku ReserveWharekai opened in OnukuTwo hotels built in Akaroa in early 1840sFour hotels in Akaroa - Two at British end and two at French endAkaroa has three licensed hotels, three temperance hotels and a number of boarding housesFirst mechanical saw mill in AkaroaNo new tree cutting licences issued between 1856-1864 for fear of deforestation26 sawmills on peninsulaTens of thousands of sacks of cocksfoot produced every yearCocksfoot traded internationallyCocksfoot sector declinesCocksfoot crop first planted - local Maori involved in harvestBanks Peninsula declining economically and demographicallyAkaroa County permanent population: 1599Akaroa population: 573Akaroa population: 639Akaroa population: 640Akaroa population: 792Sheep and beef replace dairy farmsShip Espadon buys potatoes from OnukuShip Addison swaps a boat for two tonnes of potatoes with OnukuWhanau living at Onuku include Moeraki, Kaikoura, Hokianga, Keefe, Bunker and TainuiOnuku growing maize, wheat, melon, potatoes and pumpkinsAkaroa cheese well knownJimmy Robinson arrives in Akaroa, as part of his severance he takes a boatDairy cooperatives in habourMatiaha Tiramorehu writes letter about Ngati Toa and landLocal Maori working in cocksfoot industryOnuku population: 72 or 43Onuku population: 40Maori exodus from area due to depressionThe largest example of a fish trap in New Zealand lies on the western side of the Onāwe Peninsula, in Akaroa Harbour.Maori working at whaling station at IkorakiGarwoods Mill in OnukuSouthern Right, Humpback and Sperm whale populations 'thinned out'Whaling industry ends in AkaroaAkaroa supplying large amounts of fruit to Chch and LytteltonAcross the peninsula, Maori were reduced to living on insufficient reservesNgai Tahu Maori Trust Board takes case to Waitangi TribunalTuhawaiki arrives in Onuku, declaring himself supreme chief of South IslandIwikau arrives to dispute Tuhawaiki's claimD'Urville notes depleted and demoralised Maori in Akaroa, few adult malesOnuku population: 25Onuku Native School roll: 27. However many are Pakeha as school is mixedOnuku Native School roll: 30400 acres at Onuku "nearly all bush land"Half of all jobs in tourism in Akaroa, $17.3 million direct spendingCruise ship visits increase 531% - from 16-6490 cruise ships visit over summerBPDC merges with CCCReport finds cruise ships pose a medium or "at worst, high" risk to its "very high" ecological valuesTaiapure establishedAkaroa Harbour made a marine reserve75 cruise ships visit over summerHector's dolphin estimated to earn economy $25 millionMilling in declineMore "artistic classes" move to Akaroa, set up artisan businessesMore "stressed professionals" move to AkaroaAkaroa Harbour population: 1000HMS Herald arrives in AkaroaIwikau and Hone Tīkao sign Te TiritiSixteen Ngāi Tahu chiefs including Tikao sign Kemp’s DeedParakakariki falls to Ngai TahuTe Rauparaha attacks Onawe PaOnuku and Wainui requested as ReservesOnuku Reserve surveyedOnuku Church opensWhaling stations set upDispute between Onuku and Council over road to settlementReport finds 10ha or more needed for commercial horticulture to be viable on BPThe start of forest regeneration as "valuable asset" for tourismFishing sector becomes increasingly importantMaori gain representation on local conservation boardsMany local jobs cut when councils amalgamateBanks Peninsula District PlanHinewai Reserve startsBanks Peninsula Conservation Trust startsSet nets banned in harbour to protect Hector's dolphinsBanks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary startsNew rules for taiapureConflicts between advocates of taiapure and marine reserve startAkaroa Harbour Marine Conservation Working Group startsTaiapure application madePōhatu Marine Reserve startsMarine tours statisticsAkaroa population: 570International visitors spend moreWaterfront hot pool complex deniedNature and farm-based tourism become increasingly popular43 whaling ships working around BPPopulation of Maori on BP one-tenth of 18th CenturyAkaroa complains that it is not getting enough govt support promoting its tourismTourism takes economic hit following post war downturnAll but one of 11 dairy factories close17 fishing trawlers operating out of AkaroaTwo crayfish factories operating in AkaroaTourism increases but less profitable per visitorAkaroa Borough Council decrease in revenue sees township run down, roads and parks in poor conditionAkaroa Borough Council merges with County Council due to lack of financesFinal fish processing plant in Akaroa closesCommercial boat trips are re-established in AkaroaCommercial boat trips in Akaroa end as more private boatsRegion hit by two year droughtFirst major cruise ship visit to Akaroa'Frenchness' of Akaroa emphasised to promote tourism, street names changed - divides localsAkaroa complains that not getting enough govt support for tourismBach owners outnumber local residents for first timeAbsentee rate payers make up two thirds of AkaroaAkaroa Village Inn opensIncreasing number of backpacker tourists in AkaroaBackpackers on farm near Onuku opensAkaroa Progress Association closesBanks Peninsula Promotions Association startsBanks Peninsula Promotions Association closesAkaroa Progress Association startsAkaroa in mini recessionOnly two dairy farms remain in districtFrench Farm Winery opensAkaroa increasingly a 'hub' for tourism around the districtBaches make up 68% of houses in Akaroa68% of visitors from NZ, 85% of these from CanterburyTourism businesses angry with council for lack of promotional expenditureAkaroa district employment: 29% primary production; 27 hospitality/accommodation; 24% retailingAmalgamation with CCC twice as popular in Lyttelton Ward as AkaroaBorough Council acknowledges the Borough was ‘dead in some respects’ and that ‘the town was slippingIncreasing complaints about speed boat noise in harbourPetition to stop speed boats near town'Frenchness' of Akaroa "everywhere"The Frenchification supported mostly by new or out of town residents'French Connection' sours after Rainbow Warrior - more emphasis on natural/farm tourismSurvey shows division, long time locals want more primary sector investment, non-residents tourism investmentResearch notes 10 Irakehu returning regularly from Chch to OnukuMajority of Irakehu living outside BP want to retire on BPResurgence in Maori culture/language in AkaroaOnly two whanau live at Onuku, four more in AkaroaAkaroa harbour "overfished"Periodi
DOMINANT ECONOMY: TRADITIONAL HUNTING, GATHERING, HORTICULTUREDOMINANT ECONOMY: DAIRYDOMINANT ECONOMY: WHALINGDOMINANT ECONOMY: MILLINGDOMINANT ECONOMY: COCKSFOOTDOMINANT ECONOMY: TOURISMDOMINANT ECONOMY: FISHINGDOMINANT ECONOMY" SHEEP AND BEEFDOMINANT ECONOMY: AQUACULTURE
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