jan 1, 1901 - Five Civilized Tribes 1901(Taylyn)

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In 1901 the Five civilized tribes referred to the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes, who were considered "civilized" by white settlers because they had adopted more European-American customs. Thes tribes had centralized governments, christianity, and farming practices. These tribes had been forcibly relocated from their southeastern homelands to Indian Territory during the Trail of Tears in the 1830s. 1901 the federal government's efforts to assimilate Native Americans, known as Dawes Act applied to break up tribal land holdings into individual allotments. This process led to significant loss of land for Native Americans, as lands were sold to non-Native settlers. (Spring 14, 42)

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