jan 1, 1215 - Fourth Lateran Council

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Pope Innocent III opened the Fourth Lateran Council on November 11, 1215. Held in Rome, the council brought together hundreds of bishops, theologians, and church leaders from across Christendom to address key issues facing the Church. The council enacts a series of reforms and doctrines that have a profound impact on the Catholic Church. Key decrees include the requirement for annual confession and communion for Catholics, the definition of the doctrine of transubstantiation, and the establishment of new measures to combat heresy.

The Fourth Lateran Council’s decisions shape the direction of medieval Catholicism, reinforcing papal authority and influencing Church practices and policies for centuries.

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