aug 1, 401 BC - Battle of Cunaxa

Description:

Fought between the Persian king Artaxerxes II and his brother Cyrus the Younger for control of the Achaemenid throne. The main source is Xenophon, a Greek mercenary who participated in the fighting on the side of Cyrus.

Cyrus was killed in the battle, and the Greek mercenaries fighting for him (10,400 hoplites and 2,500 light infantry) had to retreat to the sea to escape. Their year-long March of the Ten Thousand was recorded by Xenophon in his book Anabasis.

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