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August 1, 2025
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jan 1, 1864 - “Syllabus of Errors” published by Pope Pius IX

Description:

Pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, separation of church and state, and religious liberty.

The Catholic Church could not stop unification in Italy, but it resisted liberalism and progressive reform for the next two decades.

Added to timeline:

Date:

jan 1, 1864
Now
~ 161 years ago