Machiavelli was a political theorist of the Renaissance, suggested that the best thing to be valued in a state was stability. And how, was this stability to be made and preserved, he asked? Why, any way that works, of course! Machiavelli suggested that lies, intimidation, and deceit were all ways that, if necessary, order could be maintained. He said that if a ruler had to pick between being feared and being loved, he should choose to be feared, preserving order and stability, and also keeping other nations from taking advantage of and trampling upon the ruler’s state. (Btw-- printed version not published till 1932)