jan 1, 664 - End Muslim civil war, renews expansion

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656 In Medina (Yathrib) Uthman is assassinated. The leaders of the sect that assassinated Uthman proclaims Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, caliph. Civil war erupts.

664 The civil war among the Muslims ends. Led by caliph Mu'awiyah in Damascus, Islam renews military expansion.

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