jan 1, 1877 - attempts to clean up the Bureau of Indian Affairs

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"Even in the first flush of reform zeal, Grant’s policies faced major hurdles. Most Indians had been pushed off traditional lands and assigned to barren ground that would have defeated the most enterprising farmer. Poverty and dislocation left Indians especially vulnerable to the ravages of infectious diseases like measles and scarlet fever. At the same time, Quaker, Presbyterian, and Methodist reformers fought battles among themselves and with Catholic missionaries over who had authority. Many traders and agents also continued to steal money and supplies from people they were supposed to protect. In the late 1870s, Rutherford B. Hayes’s administration undertook housecleaning at the Bureau of Indian Affairs, but corruption lingered."

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