jan 1, 1865 - Ex-Confederate state pass Black Codes to limit freedpeople's rights

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Black Codes: Laws passed by southern states after the Civil War that denied ex-slaves the civil rights enjoyed by whites, punished vague crimes such as “vagrancy” or failing to have a labor contract, and tried to force African Americans back to plantation labor systems that closely mirrored those in slavery times. They also set up procedures for taking black children from their parents and apprenticing them to former slave masters.

BEfore: in war, unionists (especially Republicans) thought that rebels were in southern minority. the kid themselves, thinking that many would want to rejoin the Union. Excpnfederates resisted. They were admitted under Johnson's Reconstruction plan. They wanted slavery back to help their economic interests

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