jan 1, 2181 BC - First Intermediate period (Egypt)

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Following the decline of the government of the Old Kingdom. Egypt had a periods known as the First and Second Intermediate Periods. The First Intermediate Time was regarded as the "dark period" because two powers were at odds politically, resulting in instability. These powers/kingdoms were situated in Lower Egypt's Heracleopolis and Upper Egypt's Thebes.

After the defeat of his enemy in Heracleopolis, King Mentuhotep II of Thebes would usher the end in the First Intermediate Period. This helps to mark the end of the Old Kingdom and the transfer into the Middle Kingdom.

First intermediate period = 2181 - 2055 BCE

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