jan 18, 1915 - 21 Demands Issued

Description:

Cause (International): At the beginning of World War I, Japan approached Britain with a proposal to help secure sea lanes in the Pacific and Indian Oceans in return for seizing German territories in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in China.

Effect (International): During WWI, Japan decided to take advantage and seize Shandong China, which they had previously won but was taken afterwards by the Triple Intervention. Following American, British and even some domestic resistance, the 21 Demands were reduced to 13. Chinese territorial gains were later confirmed in the Treaty of Versailles.

Cause (Domestic): Japanese government sought to consolidate its economic and political dominance over China by issuing Yuan Shikai’s government with the 21 Demands.

Effect (Domestic): Japan successfully demanded for further Japanese control of Chinese territory and infrastructure, and an extension of Japanese influence over Chinese government policy, although 21 Demands were reduced to 13 due to initial resistance.

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