jan 1, 1830 - Indian Removal Act 1830

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Economic: Gold was found. White settlers wanted the American Indian lands for farming.

Political: American Indians could not maintain independent governments in the U. S.

Social: Many whites considered American Indians uncivilized.

Winter of 1838-1839 Jackson ordered the military to force 16,000 Cherokee into camps and make them march to Indian Territory.
¼ died.
The journey became known as the Trail of Tears.


Worcester v Georgia [Supreme Court Case]:

Cherokee opposed removal from Georgia due to existing treaties giving them claim to land and sued.
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokees.

Jackson said, “John Marshall has made his decision ..., now let him enforce it.”

Jackson did not intend to carry out the ruling even though it was his job as the President to enforce the Court’s decision.

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