nov 27, 1818 - Dutch Supremacy

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To further curtail the British domination over the region, the Dutch entered into an agreement with the Johor-Riau Sultanate. The agreement stipulated that the Dutch were to be the paramount leaders of the Johor-Riau Sultanate and that only Dutch people could engage in trade with the kingdom. The Dutch also secured an agreement that Dutch consent was required for all future appointments of Johor-Riau Sultans.

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