jan 1, 1865 - Freedman's Bureau

Description:

• Mission to provide
– Food, clothing, education, medical services, manage lands, supervise contracts
• Established 40 hospitals
– Returned to local control (white) by 1867
• Failed to train African-American physicians
• Best success with education
– 4,300 schools/$5M
– Recruited northern teachers
• Failed to distribute land
– Most confiscated land returned to pardoned rebels
– Inferior lands given to freedmen
• Established Bureau Courts
– Opposed by Johnson
– Rarely effective
• Ignored or attacked by southern governments
– 1868: KKK is attacking bureau officals

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