jan 1, 1848 - Revolutions of 1848

Description:

The Revolutions of 1848

— series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848.

— It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in European history.

democratic and liberal
aim: removing the old monarchical structures and creating independent nation-states.

spread across Europe
began in France in February.

50 countries affected

no significant coordination or cooperation


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contributing factors
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— widespread dissatisfaction with political leadership
— demands for democracy
— demands for freedom of the press
— other demands made by the working class, — the upsurge of nationalism
— the regrouping of established government forces
— and the European Potato Failure, which triggered mass starvation, migration, and civil unrest.

The uprisings were led by temporary coalitions of reformers, the middle classes ("the bourgeoisie") and workers.

Coalitions did not hold together for long.

revolutions suppressed

10,000s killed

others: exile.

Significant lasting reforms included the abolition of serfdom in Austria and Hungary, the end of absolute monarchy in Denmark, and the introduction of representative democracy in the Netherlands. The revolutions were most important in France, the Netherlands, Italy, the Austrian Empire, and the states of the German Confederation that would make up the German Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century.

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