jan 1, 1189 - Third Crusade 1189 – 1192

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The third crusade was launched to retake Jerusalem after its fall to the Muslim leader Saladin. It was lead by the three kings Frederick I Barbarossa, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1152-1190 CE), Philip II of France (r. 1180-1223 CE) and Richard I 'the Lionhearted' of England (r. 1189-1199 CE). Hence its other name the three kings.

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