feb 2, 1848 - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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In settlement of the Mexican-American War, this treaty formalized the United States’ annexation of a major portion of northern Mexico, including California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and most of present-day New Mexico and Arizona. The treaty set the Rio Grande river as the border between Texas and Mexico and extended the United States’ territorial reach to the Pacific coast. Mexican residents could become U.S. citizens if they chose to remain within the newly U.S. territory although their legal citizenship did not confer all the acceptance and integration of social citizenship. This territorial acquisition raised political issues in the United States regarding the westward extension of slavery and the inclusion of non-Europeans as U.S. citizens as by Asian immigrants arrived in growing numbers to the west coast.

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