jul 9, 1868 - 14th amendment passed

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| WHAT: | All people born in US are citizens and get respective rights | EXCEPTIONS: | didnt include suffrage, but said if a state denied the vote to any group of men, that state’s representation in Congress would be reduced. (This provision did not apply when states barred women from voting.) | REACTION: | very polar; no democrats voted for it, and only 4 republicans opposed.| By Johnson's urging, all southern states except Tennessee refused to ratify it

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