The Piano Fantasie, Op. 17 1. The Piano Fantasie, Op. 17 is an example of literary music. 2. The tribute to Beethoven is unmistakable, and one working title included a reference to him, calling the piece a monument to the master. 3. He later added lines from Schlegel’s poem “Die Gebüsche,” which had been set by Schubert (and Schumann makes reference to Schubert’s setting toward the end). 4. Schumann published the work with a typographical mark that indicated something had been omitted. From his earlier work on the Fantasie, we know that these were references to Beethoven and others. He uses Beethoven’s An die ferne Geliebte in the first movement, and the allusion is to Clara Wieck. 5. At the same spot, Schumann allows a structural use of recall to define the form, but it is not what one would have expected had it been called a “sonata”—this is why “fantasy” is the better term.