jul 28, 1868 - The 14th Amendment is passed
Description:
On July 28, 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/recon/jb_recon_revised_1.html
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