jan 1, 1921 - 1921 Newberry v. U.S.

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Truman Newberry, a businessman, beat Henry Ford in a Senate primary in Michigan in 1918 — spending, it was rumoured, more than $100,000. Ford pulled some strings and an investigation was done which resulted in the conviction of Newberry in 1921 for violating federal campaign finance law.

Newberry appealed to the Supreme Court, which held in Newberry v. United States, that Congress lacked the authority under the Constitution to regulate spending and other aspects of party primaries or conventions designed to nominate a candidate.

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