nov 4, 1574 - Ambroise Pare

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Developed ligatures to stop bleeding during and after surgery. This reduced the risk of infection. He also developed a healing balm instead of cauterisation made up of Rose oil, egg yolk and turpentine when he ran out of boiling oil on the battle field.

In 1567, Ambroise Paré described an experiment to test the properties of bezoar stones. At the time, the stones were commonly believed to be able to cure the effects of any poison, but Paré believed this to be impossible. It happened that a cook at Paré's court was caught stealing fine silver cutlery, and was condemned to be hanged. The cook agreed to be poisoned, on the conditions that he would be given a bezoar straight after the poison and go free in case he survived. The stone did not cure him, and he died in agony seven hours after being poisoned. Thus Paré had proved that bezoars could not cure all poisons.

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