jan 26, 1950 - Constitution of India comes into effect

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Education under Constitution


Article 45 – Directive principle of state policy
(1950): the State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of the Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of 14 years
(2002): The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.”.

Article 21A (86th Constiututional Amendment)mandates that ‘To provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6-14 years in such a manner as the State may, by law, determine’. (86th Constitutional Amendment, 2002)


Article 51 (A) of the Constitution relating to Fundamental duties of the Citizens mandates that
“(k) who is parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as case may be, a ward between age of 6-14 years”.

Article 24. (Prohibition of Child labour – 14 years)
No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.

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28. (1) No religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds.

(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to an educational institution which is administered by the State but has been established under any endowment or trust which requires that religious instruction shall be imparted in such institution.

(3) No person attending any educational institution recognised by the State or receiving aid out of State funds shall be required to take part in any religious instruction that may be imparted in such institution

Article 350 (A) enjoins that “it shall be the endeavour of every State and of every local authority within the state to provide adequate facilities in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups”.

(15) Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
§ 15. (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
§ 15 (3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.
§ [(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.]

§ (29) (2) No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.

§ (30) (1) All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice

Child Rights

Article 24 : No child below the age of 14 years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in hazardous employment.
§ Article 39 : The state shall direct its policy toward securing that the tender age of children is not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocation unsuited to their age or strength and that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.

§ Article 15: Right against discrimination.
§ Article 23 : Right to being protected from being trafficked and forced into bonded labour.

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11 Nov 2017

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Education in Independent India 1947-2016

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