jan 1, 1582 - cobble

Description:

A small, rounded stone suitable for paving highways. A word on record from <i>c</i>.1475, as is cobble-stone (OED). Such stones were also used to pave bridges, as at <i>Essell </i>Bridge near Whitby, a location which cannot now be identified: 1592 <i>Item for stones and leading of paving cobles and sand … 26s. 8d. Item for pavinge of the bridge at 2d. a yarde </i>...<i> 13s. 6d </i>(NRQS3/29). In this case they were being used to pave a wooden foot-bridge which linked the causey with the main bridge, presumably in preference to the heavier boulders needed for a more substantial structure. See boulder.<i></br></i>cobbler One whose occupation is to mend shoes: 1301 <i>De Johanne le Cobelur</i>, Amotherby (YRS21/51). The <i>coblers</i> emerged in York as a distinct craft in the early fifteenth century, with four torches in the pageant of 1422 compared with the 14 of the <i>cordwaners</i> (SS125/118). Later references include: 1490 <i>the said occupacion of coblers within this cite</i>, York (SS125/298). The ordinances of <i>the coblers crafte</i> survive for 1582, listing more than a dozen regulations (YRS119/59-60). Those which relate to working practices are: <i>Item that the said coblers shall … sell, amend clowts </i>[clowte?]<i> and coble all old bootes with read or bend leather onelie, and not with blacke leather, upon payne of vjs viijd. … and to capp and welt both old bootes and shoes with new blacke leather at ther pleasure; and … not … medle with the solinge, clowting or amendinge of anie old shoes or bootes after they be once worne except onelie soling and vampeting of ould bootes with blacke leather upon payne of vjs viijd </i>(YRS119/60).

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