jan 1, 1258 - Fall of Baghdad to Mongols
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The Abbasids resisted the Mongols so in retaliation they killed over 800,00 men including the caliph. This brought about the end of the Abbasid Caliphate. By defeating the Abbasid Caliphate, the Mongols opened up the area to the Ottomens who became one of the leading powers in the Middle East up until the early 1900s.
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