jan 1, 167 BC - Antiochus IV (Seleucid)

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Antiochus IV Epiphanes was a Seleucid Greek ruler who controlled Judea after Alexander’s empire split into successor kingdoms. His policies interfered with Jewish religious life and Temple worship. Around 167 BCE, the Jerusalem Temple was desecrated, traditional sacrifices were interrupted, and Jewish resistance grew. This sparked the Maccabean Revolt, which eventually led to the rededication of the Temple, remembered in the festival of Hanukkah.

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