jan 1, 325 - Codex Vaticanus- Earliest Greek Bible & Mark 16:9-20 Debate

Description:

B or 03
AD 325-350
Made likely in Egypt or Eastern Mediterranean
Possibly imperial Bible production after Constantine
Written on vellum/parchment, more durable than papyrus.

Primary witness to reconstruction of the Greek NT
Closest witness to early Alexandrian text tradition

High professional scribal work
Ancient Greek
3 Columns per page.
Originally contained almost entire Greek Bible: OT (Septuagint) & NT

Mark famously ends at 16:8, the women flees the tomb in fear
No longer ending in 16:9-20
(This is one of the biggest textual criticism debates in Christianity).
What is missing:
Jesus appearing to Mary Magdalene, appearance to two disciples and the eleven, Great Commission material, ascension language, signs and miracles such as snake handling, drinking poison unharmed, and healings.
There are NO earlier fragments suggesting 16:9-20.

Evidence in Favor of Mark 16:9-20:

Irenaeus, early church father, AD180, appears to quote Mark 16:19. Some form of the longer ending of Mark likely existed by 2nd century.
Irenaeus, 'Against Heresies' 3.10.5, "Also towards the conclusion of his Gospel, Mark says: 'So then, after the Lord Jesus had spoken to them, He was received up into heaven and sits at the right hand of God.' "

Resurrection appearances still happen in other Gospels.

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