nov 9, 1918 - Weimar Republic founded

Description:

-result of November Revolution (also caused abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II)

-start of democracy in Germany: "revolution from above" ("last great manoeuvre on the battlefield" by German military leaders in attempt to soften punishment from Allies), not wanted by all of population

-unpopular from the start: linked with Armistice "stab in the back" (despite no choice - no chance of winning war), & Treaty of Versailles

-many officials inherited - old structure basically left intact as there was no purge/"cleansing" of administration --> "reluctant Republicans", obstructionist + defiant officials, etc.

-Weimar's legitimacy never sufficiently accepted

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