jul 1, 1960 - Soviet technicians and military experts recalled from China

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Causes of the Sino-Soviet split:

Ideological Differences - Mao respected Stalin as a communist, so he criticised Khrushchev for criticising Stalin during his 1956 "Secret Speech," as Mao respected Stalin's strong leadership style. Khrushchev’s policy of “peaceful coexistence” with the West was seen by Mao as a betrayal of Communist principles. Mao believed in permanent revolution and that capitalism should be confronted directly, while Khrushchev preferred diplomacy and avoiding nuclear war.

Unsuccessful Diplomatic Visits - In 1958, Khrushchev visited Beijing to improve relations, but the visit was tense and unproductive. Mao deliberately humiliated Khrushchev by making him swim during talks and refusing serious discussions. Mao made a return visit to Moscow in 1959, expecting more respect and stronger cooperation. However, the Soviets refused to share nuclear weapons technology, which Mao desperately wanted to boost China’s status. Khrushchev instead focused on relations with the U.S., meeting President Eisenhower shortly after — angering Mao.

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