Nineteenth Century (Part 1) / Reform - Direct movement (24 фев 1801 г. – 1 сент 1900 г.)

Описание:

- German Franke said that a language could be best taught by using it actively in the classroom. He also said that teachers must encourage the spontaneous use of the foreign language, then, they would be able to induce rules of grammar. (Direct method)
- The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was designed to enable the sounds of any language to be accurately transcribed. One of the goals of the association was to improve the teaching of modern languages. (Reform method)