China After Mao (9 сент 1976 г. – 1 янв 1989 г.)

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In 1976, Mao Zedong died. This brought about a period of intense struggle within the Communist party, as more moderate Communists lead by Deng Xiaoping and more radical Communists found themselves at odds regarding the future of the nation after Mao’s death. The more radical Communist group was lead by the now-widowed wife of Mao Zedong, Jiang Qiang, and was named the Gang of Four - this group headed by four powerful Communist leaders was in favor of continuing the Cultural Revolution that mao had left behind.
Despite their best efforts, the Gang of Four was overtaken by the moderate Communists, and were put on trial for a variety of crimes including treason - all of them were given life sentences in prison.
Once the internal struggle within the party had been resolved, Deng Xiaoping orchestrated a complete reform of the Chinese economy, called the Four Modernizations. Generally, the plan involved the improvement of the nation’s agriculture, industry, science, technology, and national defense sectors. Several capitalistic elements were introduced into the nation, such as the move towards a free market economy. Trade relations with the West improved dramatically during these years. As a result of this, the mid-1980s and the early 1990s were a time of unprecedented economic growth for China.
As a result of the modernization of the Chinese state, many of its citizens were inclined to speak out against the government, calling for the “fifth modernization” of the Chinese State - Democracy.

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