Info Friedrich Nietzsche (1 янв 1844 г. – 1 янв 1844 г.)
Описание:
-German philosopher, professor University of Basel --> isolated life in the Alps in Switzerland. Mental breakdown at 44. Physically sick during his whole life. MUSTACHE.
-Some Works:
*The Birth of Tragedy (history of tragic etc.
see below). (1872).
*The Gay Science/The Joyful Wisdom
(preface about suffering, section 125: the
madman, god is dead). (1882).
*On the Genealogy of Morality (1886).
*Beyond Good and Evil (1886).
*The Transvaluation of values (see below,
unfinished, only part 1: the antichrist
finished).
*The Antichrist (Christianity was non-life
affirming, protected people from their
envy/fulfilment (sex for example) by
making this cowardness into a
virtue (purity/selflessness). This values
numbed pain instead of making people to
change their lives for the better. People had
become slaves of this virtues--> slave
morality) (1895).
-Nietzsches view on his time's society: God is dead (explained by the Madman): mankind has killed (our idea of) God (although people are stil acting as if God is alive: slave morality).
Cause God's dead: The Enlightenment; the invention of the reason (science) --> God was no longer needed for morality or order in the universe. -->But; science is value-neutral--> people were filling this void by turning to aggressive nationalism etc. (which he disliked) and stil acting as if God was alive-->
-Therefore: society is sick, does not live in its own reality but in another one--> Nietzsche wanted to cure mankind. He saw it as his task to prescribe a new morality (in his book: the Revaluation of all values).
How this could be done:
-Culture: Greek: use the classical Athenian tragedy as an example, the highest form of art, a combination of the Apollonian (shape/form) and Dionysian (chaos, be in a mist, actors). The Apollonian was neccesary to reveal the essence of the Dionysian in a non-chaotic way. --> affirmation in life (not another reality).
-The will to Power: to only way to know something about reality, is to analyse ourselves (as we are part of this reality). Mankind has to gain self knowledge, self mastery; think for yourself, question everything-->
Consequences:
-Freedom; the free spirit. You have your own reality (instead of the Christian one, now you have become a God yourself). With the ideal of the OVERman/the übermensch/superman: OVERcoming yourself/ MANkind/ ordinary life.
-Suffering: in order to reach this freedom, the body needs to suffer. In this way, the mind is forced into its ultimate depths/philosophies and is able to fashion something beautiful out of this suffering.
Добавлено на ленту времени:
Blok 1: De uitvinding van de kunst 1750-1850, Blok 2: The rise of the present (1850-1900) and Blok 3: The hunt for the future Blok 4: Het twistpunt van de tijd (1950-1990)
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