Santo Agostinho (13 ноя 354 г. – 28 авг 430 г.)

Описание:

- Livro: A Cidade de Deus
- Escreveu o livro A Cidade de Deus para refutar a acusação de que a principal causa da decadência do Império Romano do Ocidente tinha sido sua adesão ao Cristianismo
- Pregava a submissão do Estado à Igreja, mas não visava a um Estado Católico, mas sim um Estado que favorecesse a prática do Cristianismo.
- Ele reconhece um poder indireto da Igreja Católica sobre o Estado nas questões políticas e administrativas. Daí nascerá, com o correr do tempo, uma teoria medieval de total subordinação do Estado à Igreja, que provocará como reação o cesaro-papismo, a subordinação da Igreja ao Estado, como pretenderão os Imperadores alemães a partir do século XIII.

BIOGRAFIA
Saint Augustine of Hippo (/ɔːˈɡʌstɪn/; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430 AD)[1] was a Roman African, early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. He was the bishop of Hippo Regius in north Africa and is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers in Western Christianity for his writings in the Patristic Period. Among his most important works are The City of God, On Christian Doctrine and Confessions.

LIVRO "A CIDADE DE DEUS"
The City of God Against the Pagans (Latin: De civitate Dei contra paganos), often called The City of God, is a book of Christian philosophy written in Latin by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century AD. The book was in response to allegations that Christianity brought about the decline of Rome and is considered one of Augustine's most important works, standing alongside The Confessions, The Enchiridion, On Christian Doctrine, and On the Trinity. As a work of one of the most influential Church Fathers, The City of God is a cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many profound questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin.
Background
The sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 left Romans in a deep state of shock, and many Romans saw it as punishment for abandoning traditional Roman religion for Christianity. In response to these accusations, and in order to console Christians, Augustine wrote The City of God, arguing for the truth of Christianity over competing religions and philosophies and that Christianity was not responsible for the Sack of Rome, but instead was responsible for its success. He attempted to console Christians, writing that even if the earthly rule of the Empire was imperiled, it was the City of God that would ultimately triumph. Augustine's eyes were fixed on Heaven, a theme of many Christian works of Late Antiquity, and despite Christianity's designation as the official religion of the Empire, Augustine declared its message to be spiritual rather than political. Christianity, he argued, should be concerned with the mystical, heavenly city, the New Jerusalem, rather than with earthly politics.

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