Founding of New France (30 дек 1605 г. – 7 окт 1763 г.)

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The French establishment of colonies in Canada occured when Jacques Cartier began sailing along the St. Laurent river during the late 1500s. A proper establishment of French settlement with a functioning hierarchical government would not occur until the creation of the territory known as Acadia, in 1605; at a place known as Port-Royal. (Belshaw, ch. 4.2) This beginning colony had a rough beginning. It was burnt by a British force in 1613 and there was a civil war from 1640-1645, between two opposing religious governors; Charles de Menou d’Aulnay de Charnisay, who was Catholic and Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, a Protestant. (Belshaw, ch. 4.2) Port-Royal and Acadia lead way for many other settlements to begin dotting the region. The most important one of which was one called Quebec, that was established in 1609 by a man named Samuel de Champlain. (Belshaw, ch. 4.3) The establishment of this settlement, and the newfound alliance between the French, Algonquin and Wendat created a place for trade and living that was further into the frontier of Canada. Because of this alliance, France began funding New France more and more, sending more resources and people to ‘Canada’ as they were calling it, and creating an economy for those who sailed across the ocean to live in the ‘New World’. (Belshaw, ch. 4.3) While the first settlements of what was to become Canada were done by France, mainly Port-Royal and later Quebec, were already established; New France’s newfound economy and population exploded in number in the years after proper establishment. France sent over les filles du Roi to boost population and morale in New France, to keep those who settled or went over to help in a war effort to settle and populate their new land. (Belshaw, ch. 4.6) With the introduction of women to the new land, their children being born and raised, and the immigration from France and other countries, France was able to expand deeper down the St. Lawrence river, and create more and more colonies and trading posts for them to both work at, and survive in. (Belshaw, ch. 4.6) This establishment of Quebec was important to the future of the fur trade in Canada, and the commitment of France to ensuring themselves money, new land, and more space to expand their already large empire. It also paved a path for alliances between the warring Indigenous tribes, and the European settlers, and gave the Indigenous peoples new technology.

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