Amarta Sen (16 окт 1970 г. – 9 ч 12 мин, 27 авг 2025 г.)

Описание:

Amartya Sen is a renowned Indian economist and philosopher who received the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his work in welfare economics and social choice theory. His career is distinguished by his focus on issues of social justice, poverty, and inequality.

Key highlights and contributions of his career include:

Social Choice Theory: Sen's work in this area, particularly his influential 1970 monograph Collective Choice and Social Welfare, helped to develop and enrich the field. He clarified the conditions under which a collective decision can be consistently derived from individual preferences.

Poverty and Famines: His book, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (1981), challenged the common belief that famines are caused solely by a lack of food. Instead, he argued that famines are a result of inequalities in the mechanisms for distributing food and people's "entitlements" to it. This work had a significant impact on policy, encouraging a focus on economic security and social safety nets to prevent starvation. He also famously stated that no famine has ever occurred in a functioning democracy.

The "Capability Approach": In his article "Equality of What?" (1979), Sen introduced the "capability approach" to development economics. This approach argues that the well-being of a society's citizens should be measured by their concrete "capabilities" and "functionings" to live a life they value, rather than simply by income or GDP. This concept was instrumental in the creation of the United Nations Human Development Index, which measures countries based on indicators like education, health, and quality of life.

Development as Freedom: In his 1999 book, Development as Freedom, he argued that development should be seen as the removal of unfreedoms, such as hunger, lack of education, and political suppression. He emphasized that political, social, and economic freedoms are both the means and the ends of development.

Throughout his career, Amartya Sen has held professorships at numerous prestigious universities, including the London School of Economics, the University of Oxford, and Harvard University. He was also the first non-European to become Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. His work is noted for its ability to bridge the fields of economics, philosophy, and public policy, restoring an ethical dimension to the discussion of economic problems.

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