1948 Arab–Israeli War (15 май 1948 г. – 10 март 1949 г.)

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The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the First Arab-Israeli War, followed the civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. The civil war became a war of separate states with the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight, and the entry of a military coalition of Arab states into the territory of Mandatory Palestine the following morning. The war formally ended with the 1949 Armistice Agreements which established the Green Line. This pivotal conflict reshaped the geographic and demographic landscape of the Middle East, leading to significant population shifts and the creation of enduring national boundaries. Over 700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled, marking the start of the Palestinian refugee issue. Concurrently, approximately 260,000 Jews immigrated to Israel from Arab states, altering the region's demographic balance significantly.

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