The Third Aliyah (1 дек 1919 г. – 1 май 1923 г.)

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The Third Aliyah, from 1919 to 1923, was the third wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine from Europe, occurring just after World War I and prior to an economic crisis in Palestine. During this period, 35,000 to 40,000 Jews, mainly from Eastern Europe, immigrated to Palestine. The arrival of the SS Ruslan at Jaffa Port on December 19, 1919, with 671 immigrants marked a significant moment of this wave. The immigrants, predominantly from Russia, Poland, Romania, and Lithuania, were motivated by the October Revolution, antisemitic pogroms, and the allure of the Balfour Declaration, despite the British imposing immigration quotas.

This Aliyah was heavily influenced by socialist ideals and sought to establish a socialist Jewish society in Palestine. Pioneers from this wave were successful in infrastructure projects like road building and draining swamps, contrasting with earlier groups who struggled with manual labor. The League of Nations granted Britain the mandate to administer Palestine in 1920, changing the geopolitical landscape.

Many immigrants were young, socialist-oriented secularists from youth movements like HeHalutz and Hashomer Hatzair, aiming not just to create a Jewish state but a socialist one. Institutions like Histadrut, the General Labor Federation, and Haganah, a paramilitary organization, were founded during this time. Prominent figures like David Ben-Gurion and Golda Meir were among these immigrants, playing critical roles in later founding the State of Israel.

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