French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1 июл 1798 г. – 2 сент 1801 г.)

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The French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) led by Napoleon Bonaparte aimed to defend French trade interests and establish scientific endeavors in the region. Although initially successful, with victories including the capture of Malta and Crete before arriving in Alexandria, the campaign ultimately ended in defeat for Napoleon due to the looming threat of a Second Coalition. The expedition yielded significant scientific discoveries, such as the Rosetta Stone, but Napoleon's forces were eventually defeated and forced to withdraw, especially after the loss of the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile. Ottoman forces, led by Jezzar Pasha and Mustafa Pasha, planned offensives against Cairo. In response, Napoleon decided to attack the Ottomans in Syria, leading around 13,000 soldiers organized under various generals. They captured El-Arish and forced its garrison to surrender, marking the beginning of Napoleon's campaign in Syria.

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