Ghassanids (1 янв 220 г. – 1 янв 638 г.)

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The Ghassanids, or Jafnids, were an Arab tribe that established a kingdom in the Levant and northern Arabia from the third to the seventh century. Originating from South Arabia in the early third century, they migrated to the Levant, with some members converting to Christianity, possibly to escape religious persecution. As a client state to the Byzantine Empire, the Ghassanids served as a buffer zone protecting Roman lands from Bedouin raids and fought against the Sasanian Empire and their Lakhmid allies.

The Ghassanids were considered part of the Azd tribe of South Arabia, linked through their ancestor Jafna. Their migration story, supported by ancient sources like Ptolemy and Pliny, suggests they settled in Syria between 250 and 300 AD, later becoming fully part of the Byzantine Empire's military and administrative systems. The Ghassanids reached their zenith under kings like al-Harith V and al-Mundhir III, enjoying military success and fostering economic prosperity.

Despite some Ghassanids converting to Islam following the Muslim conquest, many remained Christian and integrated into Melkite and Syriac Christian communities across modern-day Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon. Their legacy persists in the cultural and political developments they influenced in the region.

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