Arabia Petraea (1 янв 106 г. – 1 янв 630 г.)

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Arabia Petraea, or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire from the 2nd century, encompassing the former Nabataean Kingdom, the Sinai Peninsula, and parts of the northwestern Arabian Peninsula, with Petra as its capital. Annexed by Emperor Trajan, it retained importance longer than other eastern territories like Armenia and Mesopotamia due to its strategic location, marked by the desert frontier known as Limes Arabicus.

The province bordered Syria to the north, Judaea and Egypt to the west, and the vast deserts of Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix to the south and east. Known for its harsh landscapes, including the fertile Moab plateau, the arid Negev, and rocky terrains near the Red Sea, the region's major urban centers were concentrated mainly towards the north. Petra and Bostra were the key cities, with Aqaba serving as the primary seaport.

Initially under Nabataean control, the region was absorbed into the Roman Empire in AD 106 following the death of Rabbel II, the last Nabataean king. Roman influence introduced Latin and Greek, with Greek becoming a popular language, replacing Nabataean and Aramaic. The Via Nova Traiana, completed during this period, symbolized Roman consolidation and featured on commemorative coins.

Under Roman rule, the province saw a mix of military and cultural integration, serving as a base for the Legio III Cyrenaica. It was later included in the Diocese of the East during the Byzantine period, transitioning into Palaestina Salutaris by the 5th or 6th century, reflecting its enduring strategic and cultural significance within the Roman and subsequent Byzantine empires.

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