Phoenicia (1 янв 2500 г. до нашей эры – 1 янв 64 г. до нашей эры)

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Phoenicia, an ancient Semitic civilization, originated in the Levant's coastal strip, largely in present-day Lebanon. It extended from Arwad, Syria to Mount Carmel, Israel, heavily influencing the region through trade and colonization across the Mediterranean to the Iberian Peninsula. Descending from the Bronze Age Canaanites, the Phoenicians continued cultural traditions from the Late Bronze Age collapse into the Iron Age, often identifying as Canaanites. Their name, given by the Greeks, didn't align with a cohesive native culture, making "Canaanites" and "Phoenicians" a modern distinction. Known for their trade and maritime skills, they established significant colonies like Carthage and were pivotal in cultural exchanges among ancient civilizations. Phoenician city-states like Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos were politically independent, each managing its affairs without a unified national identity. Despite external conquests over time, the Phoenician influence persisted, particularly through their development of the oldest verified alphabet, which influenced many subsequent scripts. Their legacy also includes advances in shipbuilding, navigation, and various industries, contributing significantly to Western civilization's foundations.

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