Tulunids (1 янв 878 г. – 1 янв 905 г.)

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The Tulunids were a Turkic Mamluk dynasty that ruled Egypt and much of Syria independently from 868 to 905, marking the first independent rule in Egypt since the Ptolemaic dynasty. They seized autonomy from the Abbasid Caliphate during a period of internal Abbasid conflict. Founded by Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Turkic officer, the dynasty expanded its territory to include regions like the Jordan Rift Valley, Hejaz, Cyprus, and Crete. The Tulunids established economic and administrative reforms and founded their capital at al-Qata'i, building significant structures like the Mosque of Ibn Tulun. However, following the death of Khumarawayh, Ahmad's successor, the dynasty declined due to ineffective leadership and reliance on their military, leading to the Abbasid reassertion of control in 905. The Tulunid period is noted for its cultural achievements and military and economic strength, setting precedents for regional governance independent of central caliphal authority.

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