The Closed Country Policy (23 дек 1639 г. – 23 дек 1853 г.)

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1639: "Closed Country Policy"- a way to safely exclude missionaries and merchants

Japan valued European trade but did not like their aggressiveness & ideas

The persecution of Christians was part of an attempt to control foreign ideas

Most contacts with Europe ended:
- only Nagasaki port remained open to foreign traders
- only Dutch & Chinese merchants were allowed into the port
- English had voluntarily left
- Spanish & Portuguese had been expelled
- Tokugawa shoguns controlled Nagasaki: monopoly on foreign trade (still profitable)

Remained closed to Europeans for over 200 years

Japanese were forbidden to leave so that they would not bring back foreign ideas

Japan developed as a self-sufficient country: without European attempts to colonize & establish their presence

Not too many natural resources- wanted to be self-reliant because they did not have much and did not want to rely on other countries

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