Cesare Beccaria (1 янв 1738 г. – 1 янв 1794 г.)

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Cesare Beccaria was a wealthy Italian economist, politician, and legal philosopher. He focused on criminal justice, and he believed that even criminals should have some rights. He noticed that during the medieval times, criminals had no rights and were subject to torture and death penalty. Beccaria did not agree with this, arguing that torture won't do anything, and death penalty is just wrong. He also believed that each punishment should match the crime. Beccaria was against corrupt court systems, especially judges who were paid to be unfair. He put all of his ideas together in a book called On Crimes and Punishments.

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