Eighty Years' War/War for Dutch Independence (1 янв 1568 г. – 1 янв 1648 г.)

Описание:

The Eighty Years’ War was the war for Dutch independence from Spain. It led to the separation of the northern and southern Netherlands and to the formation of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, or the Dutch Republic.

The war began with two unsuccessful invasions of the provinces by mercenary armies under Prince William I of Orange and foreign-based raids by Dutch forces. By the end of 1573, the forces had been captured, converted to Calvinism, and secured the provinces of Holland and Zeeland against Spanish attack. The other provinces joined the revolt in 1576 and a general union was formed.

By 1588, the Spanish appeared poised for a final blow, but Spain's enterprises against England and France allowed the republic to begin a counteroffensive. The Dutch frontiers were secured by 1609. Fighting resumed in 1621 and formed a part of the Thirty Years’ War. After 1625, the Dutch scored significant victories. France was in an alliance with the Dutch. Spain feared France’s power, and concluded a peace in 1648 recognizing Dutch independence.

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