Sigmund Freud (6 май 1856 г. – 29 сент 1939 г.)

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Psychologist Sigmund Freud challenged the idea that human behavior was the result of rational thinking. He based his insights on the analysis of dreams and “hysteria” and concluded that human behavior was essentially irrational and governed by the unconscious. This mental space that contained vital instinctual drives and powerful memories profoundly influenced people’s behavior but was unknown to the conscious mind. He developed the idea of the id, ego, and the superego. The id sought immediate fulfillment and was amoral. The superego was a moral voice of parental or social control. The ego worked between the two. Mental illness was a result of an imbalance of the three structures. Freudian psychology and clinical psychiatry became popular medical movements.

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