Transatlantic Slave Trade (1 янв 1518 г. – 1 янв 1808 г.)

Описание:

Hugely impactful on world trade for centuries. Millions of Africans were transported to mainly the Americas for forced labor, especially for plantations in the Caribbean and North America.

The slave trade obviously had devastating effects in Africa. Depopulation and violence led to instability. Economic and agricultural development dwindled due to the threat of enslavement. Enslaved Africans experienced brutal conditions during procurement, transportation, and enslavement.

1500s and 1600s: Transatlantic slave trade began in 1518 with authorization from King Charles I of Spain. The Portuguese brought the first slaves to Brazil around 1550. The Dutch West India Company was founded in 1621 and transported thousands. 20% of captives died on the voyage before slavers decided it was better for business to improve conditions around 1700. Slavery greatly increased in the 1600s due to the growth of sugar plantations in the Caribbean and tobacco in the Chesapeake region of North America.


1700s and after: Transatlantic slave trade significantly increased after 1700 and especially after 1750. European traders purchased and shipped 6.5 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic from 1701-1800 (more than half between 1450-1900). 15% died before making it. 45% were in Brazil, 45% were in the Caribbean, and 3% were in America. The Slave trade became more efficient and organized. Some African merchants and traders profited but war spread around the continent. Most considered the slave trade a legitimate business until the 1700s, and later an abolition movement started. The British slave trade was abolished in 1807 but still continued in colonies and the Americas.

New communities and identities emerged and different cultures mixed. Creoles: people born of Spanish ancestry in the Americas. Wealthy ones followed European ways of life, but later became more Americanized and started to distaste colonial regulations and taxes. Many were not wealthy and/or were indentured servants. White people were minority in most of New World. Lots of -often forced- unions between white men and African and indigenous women. Colonial attempts to identify and control racial categories., including forbading interracial marriage in British colonies. Mestizos/metis: mixed race.

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